Capital: Porto Velho (on the Madeira River, the Amazon's longest tributary).
History: Part of Amazonas until 1943 → became the federal territory of Guaporé → renamed in 1956 after Marshal Cândido Rondon (explorer and protector of Indigenous peoples) → established in 1982.
Economy: Livestock (cattle), agriculture (corn, rice, coffee, cocoa), mining (cassiterite/tin, gold), logging, and energy (dams).
Characteristic — Strong population growth due to migration (1970s-80s), one of the highest deforestation rates in the world (many "fishbone" patterns in satellite images), still partially rainforest with river crossings and biodiversity, but also extensive pioneer habitat and cattle ranching.
In short: a young, rapidly developing Amazon frontier region with extensive deforestation, cattle ranches, and migrants from southern Brazil, but also authentic river and nature reserves.
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