In that red stripe are five traditional carpet patterns (guls) symbolizing the five main Turkmen tribes, with two crossed olive branches below as a sign of the country's permanent neutrality.
In the green field, to the right of the stripe, are a white crescent moon and five white five-pointed stars.
The green primarily represents Islam (and also life/prosperity), the moon represents hope for a bright future, and the stars represent the five provinces (welayats) of Turkmenistan.
The flag was adopted in 1992 (after independence) and later slightly modified (olive branches in 1997, 2:3 ratio in 2001).
It is one of the most detailed national flags in the world.





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