It covers a vast area of grasslands, deserts, and mountains, and has a rich nomadic culture, strongly influenced by Mongolian traditions.
The capital is Hohhot.
The region is economically important due to livestock farming, mining (primarily coal and rare earths), and wind energy.
The population consists mainly of Han Chinese, with a significant Mongolian minority.
Cultural tensions over language and identity sometimes arise, particularly regarding the preservation of the Mongolian language and traditions.
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