Tower of London

The Tower of London is a historic fortress and palace on the north bank of the Thames in London, founded in 1066 by William the Conqueror. 

Origins: Began as a medieval fortress (the White Tower) after the Norman Conquest of 1066. 

Functions through the ages: Royal palace and residence (until the 17th century) Prison (primarily for high-ranking prisoners, such as Anne Boleyn, Guy Fawkes, and Rudolph Hess) Execution site (within the walls, including Anne Boleyn and Lady Jane Grey) Royal Armouries Royal mint (until 1810) Repository of the Crown Jewels since the 17th century Current status: UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1988, managed by Historic Royal Palaces. 

A major tourist attraction featuring the Crown Jewels, the Yeoman Warders (Beefeaters), and the famous ravens (legend has it that the kingdom falls when the ravens depart). 

Key features: White Tower, Bloody Tower, Traitors' Gate, the Chapel Royal of St. Peter ad Vincula, and the Crown Jewels exhibition. 

In short: one of the most famous and emotionally charged historic buildings in the world, a symbol of 1,000 years of British history filled with power, treachery, executions, and royal splendor.

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