Capital: Penza (city on the Sura River, approx. 625 km southeast of Moscow).
Established: February 4, 1939 (from parts of Tambov Oblast, among others).
Location and nature: The oblast is situated on the western flank of the Volga Heights and slopes down to the Oka-Don Plain.
The area is located in the forest-steppe zone with a temperate continental climate.
One fifth of the surface consists of forests (mainly pine and oak), but much land has been cleared for agriculture, leading to soil erosion.
Thousands of rivers flow through it, including the Sura.
Economy: Agriculture is the most important sector: grain (winter rye, summer wheat), hemp, sugar beets, and sunflowers.
Industry: Machine building, engines, compressors, and processing of agricultural products (especially in Penza and Kuznetsk).
Also wood processing and the paper industry.
Sights: Known for green cities, wooden architecture, folklore museums (such as in Penza), the Lermontov Museum in Tarkhany, and glass museums (e.g., in Nikolsk).
It is a quiet, rural area with cultural heritage.
In short: a typical Central Russian agrarian-industrial region with a mix of forest and steppe, focused on agriculture and machine building.
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