Capital: São Paulo (the largest city in South America and the country's financial and commercial heart).
Economy: By far the strongest in Brazil (approximately 30% of Brazil's GDP).
Largest industrial center, leader in technology, research, universities, sugarcane, ethanol, orange juice, and agribusiness.
Often called the "locomotive of Brazil."
History: Began with coffee plantations in the 19th century → massive immigration (Italians, Portuguese, Japanese, Arabs, etc.) → industrialization from the early 20th century.
Geography: Borders Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul, and the Atlantic Ocean.
Boasting a coast, mountains (Serra do Mar, Mantiqueira), and plateaus.
645 municipalities.
Culture & society: Highly urbanized (highest degree of urbanization), diverse population, cultural center with top museums, theaters, and events. Known for its hard-working mentality ("paulistas").
In short: Brazil's economic engine, population, and innovation center, with a massive metropolis at its heart.
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