Volcano

A volcano is an opening in the Earth's crust where molten rock (magma), lava, ash, gas, and debris emerge. 

A mountain often builds up on top. 

Cause: Due to the movement of tectonic plates or hotspots, hot magma rises from the Earth's mantle. Types: 

Active → regular eruptions. 

Dormant → can still erupt. 

Extinct → no longer active. 

Consequences: Eruptions can be dangerous (lava, ash clouds, earthquakes), but they also create fertile soil. Example: Etna, Mauna Loa, Krakatau. 

Volcanoes are fascinating (and sometimes destructive) forces of nature!

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