In the past, people also spoke of temperament.
The temperature is measured with a thermometer.
This instrument was invented in 1593 by the Italian Galileo Galilei (1564-1642).
The best-known scales are Fahrenheit and Celsius.
Especially in England and the United States, the temperature is still indicated in degrees Fahrenheit, in Europe Celsius has become established.
Measuring temperature
At meteorological stations, the temperature of the air is measured according to international agreement.
This is done in degrees Celsius at a height of one and a half meters above an open grassy area.
The thermometer or sensor is in a white box with walls that have the shape of an open blind.
This gives the wind free rein, but sun and precipitation cannot penetrate the instruments.
Temperature deviations
In an urban environment, the temperature can deviate, especially due to the buildings and paving.
It is generally warmer there than in the countryside.
Inversion
In general, the temperature decreases as the altitude increases.
With dry air, the decrease is about 1 degree per 100 meters, with moist air it is about 0.6 degrees.
After or at the end of a clear night with little wind, the temperature can also increase with altitude up to a certain height.
This is called an 'inversion'.
The height to which the temperature decreases is called the 'inversion height'.
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