The city dates back to the 3rd millennium BC.
From the 14th to the 9th centuries BC it was the first capital of the Assyrian Empire, a city-state and trading platform of international importance.
It also served as the religious capital of the Assyrians, associated with the god Ashur.
The city was destroyed by the Babylonians, but revived during the Parthian period in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.
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